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1999-01-14
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Contig V1.2
Copyright ⌐ 1998 Mark Russinovich
Last Updated January 15, 1997
Introduction There are a number of NT disk defraggers on the
market. These tools are useful for performing a
general defragmentation of disks, but while most
files are defragmented on drives processed by
these utilities, some files may not be. In
addition, it is difficult to ensure that
particular files that are frequently used are
defragmented - they may remain fragmented for
reasons that are specific to the defragmentation
algorithms used by the defragging product that has
been applied. Finally, even if all files have been
defragmented, subsequent changes to critical files
could cause them to become fragmented. Only by
running an entire defrag operation can one hope
that they might be defragmented again.
Contig is a single-file defragmenter that attempts
to make files contiguous on disk. Its perfect for
quickly optimizing files that are continuously
becoming fragmented, or that you want to ensure
are in as few fragments as possible.
Installation and Use Contig works on NT 4.0 and higher. Contig can be
used to defrag an existing file, or to create a
new file of a specified size and name, optimizing
its placement on disk. To make an existing file
contiguous use Contig as follows:
Usage: contig [-v] [-q] [-s] [filename]
Use the -v switch to have Contig print out
information about the file defrag operations that
are performed. Use the -s switch to perform a
recursive processing of subdirectories when you
specify a filename with wildcards. For instance,
to defragment all DLLs under c:\winnt you could
enter "contig -s c:\winnt\*.dll". The -q switch,
which over-rides the -v switch, makes Contig run
in "quiet" mode, where the only thing it prints
during a defrag run is summary information.
To make a new file that is defragmented upon
creation, use Contig like this:
Usage: contig [-v] [-n filename length]
How It Works Contig uses the native Windows NT defragmentation
support that was introduced with NT 4.0 (see my
documentation of the defrag APIs for more
information). It first scans the disk collecting
the locations and sizes of free areas. Then it
determines where the file in question is located.
Next, Contig decides whether the file can be
optimized, based on free areas and the number of
fragments the file currently consists of. If the
file can be optimized, it is moved into the free
spaces of the disk.
A significant amount of code is present in Contig
to deal with NTFS files, which can be compressed.
In addition, Contig must only move 16-cluster
aligned portions of a NTFS file, and must not
move, in one call to NT's defrag engine, a NTFS
file segment that straddles a 256KB boundary in
the file. Note that Contig does not move other
files in an effort to make contiguous space on the
disk for the target file.
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